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Boliden, Skelleftea, Kankberg, Udden, Menstrask, Storliden, Kristineberg district
Norbotten, Sweden
Main commodities:
Zn Cu Au Pb Ag
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Deposit Description
The Skellefteå/Boliden district is located in the Norbotten region of Northern Sweden. The field has produced approximately 97 Mt of ore from 25 volcanic hosted massive sulphide deposits in a district of approximately 50x10 km, with sub-districts which have tonnages and average grades as follows:
Boliden - 31.5 Mt @ 3.8% Zn, 0.8% Pb, 0.9% Cu, 77 g/t Ag, 5.5 g/t Au;
Kankberg - 27.3 Mt @ 2.8% Zn, 0.4% Pb, 1.1% Cu, 34 g/t Ag, 0.9 g/t Au;
Udden - 13.0 Mt @ 3.3% Zn, 0.3% Pb, 0.4% Cu, 23 g/t Ag, 0.5 g/t Au;
Menstrask - 25.4 Mt @ 2.3% Zn, 0.1% Pb, 0.5% Cu, 41 g/t Ag, 1.0 g/t Au;
Storliden - 1.8 MT @ 10.3% Zn, 3.4% Cu, 24 g/t Ag, 0.25 g/t Au
They are hosted by a range of lithologies within a Palaeoproterozoic 1900 to1880 Ma volcano-sedimentary sequence with coeval syn-orogenic (1890 Ma) and younger (1750 Ma) granites. The overall stratigraphy comprises a lower submarine basaltic to rhyolitic volcanic pile and an upper sedimentary succession of phyllites, arkose, greywacke and conglomerate.
All of the deposits are vertical rod like bodies following a particular structural lineation and are composed of pyrite with varying amounts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite and galens. In general they are developed at the contact between the volcanics and sediments.
The Kristineberg district is located on the western extremity of the Skellefteå / Skellefte mining field and occurs within a 2 to 3 km thick sequence of felsic volcanoclastics that belong to the Skellefte Group that are intruded by syn-volcanic granitoids of the Viterliden intrusive complex. Both the volcanic sequence and the intrusives are overlain by meta-sediments of the Vargfors Group. Mineralisation is found both at the contact with the Vargfors Group and at the base of the felsic volcanic pile.
The largest of the Kistineberg deposits, the Kistineberg massive sulphide orebody, is found in the latter position, at the base of the volcanic sequence, while four smaller occurrences (Ravliden, Ravlidmyran, Horntrask and Nyliden occur at the upper position and may be related to intrusives of the Viterliden complex.
The volcanics within an area of some 50 sq. km surrounding these deposits has been influenced by extensive soda depletion (albite destructive alteration) resulting in the formation of chlorite and muscovite. Kristineberg is embraced by a 2 km diameter halo of quartz-chlorite alteration and a distal but coherent pyrite-quartz-muscovite zone extending as far out as 4 km.
Tonnages and grades in the Kistineberg district include:
Kristineberg - 20.1 Mt @ 1.1% Cu, 3.7% Zn, 0.5% Pb, 35 g/t Ag, 1.0 g/t Au.
Kimheden - 1.0 Mt @ 1.2% Cu, 0.1% Zn, 6 g/t Ag, 0.4 g/t Au.
Horntrask - 0.9 Mt @ 1.1% Cu, 4.6% Zn, 0.5% Pb, 65 g/t Ag, 0.6 g/t Au.
Ravlidmyran - 6.8 Mt @ 1.0% Cu, 3.9% Zn, 0.6% Pb, 51 g/t Ag, 0.8 g/t Au.
Ravliden - 1.9 Mt @ 1.9% Cu, 3.1% Zn, 0.1% Pb, 67 g/t Ag, 0.6 g/t Au.
For detail consult the reference(s) listed below.
Description based on information available at, or was up to date when written in 1996.
This description is a summary from published sources, the chief of which are listed below.
© Copyright Porter GeoConsultancy Pty Ltd. Unauthorised copying, reproduction, storage or dissemination prohibited.
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| References to this deposit in the PGC Literature Service Collection: |  |
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Allen R L, Weihed P, Svenson S-A 1996 - Setting of Zn-Cu-Au-Ag massive Sulfide deposits in the evolution and facies architecture of a 1.9 Ga marine volcanic arc, Skellefte district, Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v91 pp 1022-1053
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Areback H, Barrett T J, Abrahamsson S and Fagerstrom P 2005 - The Palaeoproterozoic Kristineberg VMS deposit, Skellefte district, northern Sweden, part I: geology: in Mineralium Deposita v40 pp 351-367
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Barrett T J, MacLean W H and Areback H 2005 - The Palaeoproterozoic Kristineberg VMS deposit, Skellefte district, northern Sweden. Part II: chemostratigraphy and alteration: in Mineralium Deposita v40 pp 368-395
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Bergman Weihed J , Bergstrom U, Billstrom K, Weihed P 1996 - Geology, Tectonic Setting, and Origin of the Paleoproterozoic Boliden Au-Cu-As Deposit, Skellefte District, Northern Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v91 pp 1073-1097
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Billstrom K, Weihed P 1996 - Age and provenance of host rocks and ores in the Paleoproterozoic Skellefte district, northern Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v91 pp 1054-1072
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Hannington M D, Kjarsgaard I M, Galley A G, Taylor B 2003 - Mineral-chemical studies of metamorphosed hydrothermal alteration in the Kristineberg volcanogenic massive sulfide district, Sweden: in Mineralium Deposita v38 pp 423-442
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Malehmir A, Tryggvason A, Juhlin C, Rodriguez-Tablante J and Weihed P, 2006 - Seismic imaging and potential field modelling to delineate structures hosting VHMS deposits in the Skellefte Ore District, northern Sweden : in Tectonophysics v426 pp 319-334
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Malehmir A, Tryggvason A, Lickorish H and Weihed P, 2007 - Regional structural profiles in the western part of the Palaeoproterozoic Skellefte Ore District, northern Sweden: in Precambrian Research v159 pp 1-18
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Sillitoe R H, Hannington M D, Thompson J F H 1996 - High Sulfidation deposits in the volcanogenic massice Sulfide environment: in Econ. Geol. v 91 pp 204-212
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Talbot C J 1988 - A desk analysis of the tectonic history of the Langdal mine, Skellefte District, Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v83 pp 647-656
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Tryggvason A, Malehmir A, Rodriguez-Tablante J, Juhlin C and Weihed P, 2006 - Reflection Seismic Investigations in the Western Part of the Palaeoproterozoic VHMS-Bearing Skellefte District, Northern Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v101 pp 1039-1054
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Vivallo W 1987 - Early Proterozoic bimodal volcanism, hydrothermal activity and massive Sulfide deposition in the Boliden-Langdal area, Skellefte district, Sweden: in Econ. Geol. v82 pp 440-456
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Wagner T, Boyceb A J, Jonssonc E and Fallick A E 2004 - Laser microprobe sulphur isotope analysis of arsenopyrite: experimental calibration and application to the Boliden Au-Cu-As massive sulphide deposit: in Ore Geology Reviews v25 pp 311-325
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Weihed P, Arndt N, Billstrom K, Duchesne J C, Eilu P, Martinsson O, Papunen H and Lahtinen R 2005 - Precambrian geodynamics and ore formation: The Fennoscandian Shield : in Ore Geology Reviews v27 pp 273-322
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